The first 15 are already out. From tariff tensions to invasive wild pigs to weather, here’s a taste of what farmers wanted to read most over the last year:

No. 25 — Port of Churchill searches for year-round trade: In November, KAP hosted Arctic Gateway Group’s CEO to talk future plans for Manitoba’s northern port. Part of the big expansion planned is a goal to keeping the ice open, and trade flowing, all year long.

No. 24 — Weather school: It’s all about the clouds: Do you know your cumulus from your nimbostratus? This piece from way back in 2020 re-emerged on our most-read list for 2025.

No.23 — Fishing the deep water of Manitoba: Want fishing success farther from shore? Our outdoors columnist Tim Sopuck ran readers down some tips and tricks for catching deep water fish in Manitoba.

No. 22 — Manitoba’s wild pigs not headed for population boom, expert says: The co-ordinator for Manitoba’s Squeal on Pigs program says our cold climate situation isn’t comparable to U.S.

No. 21 — We’ve seen trade wars before, but this time is different: Throwing back all the way to January for this one. This early 2025 editorial looked down the barrel of changing U.S. trade policy and what it could mean for Canadian agriculture.

Nov. 20 — Riverside Hutterite Colony gets top honours: It was a western Manitoba sweep at this year’s Royal Manitoba Winter Fair Pork Quality Competition back in spring.

Other highlights so far include beekeepers battling for survival, more trade and tariff stories and Manitoba’s first bovine tuberculosis case in years.

Want to see the full list? Check out our top stories landing page in the top-left corner of our website. Keep checking back until Jan. 31 as we unveil our top 10.

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On June 16, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) said they were investigating a bovine tuberculosis infection in a dairy cow, which had come from a farm in the Pembina Valley region of south-central Manitoba.

Why it matters: Canada has had brushes with bovine tuberculosis in recent years, but not in Manitoba.

According to a CFIA notice to industry, samples had been taken from the seven-year-old animal at the abattoir. Labs found the bacteria responsible for bovine tuberculosis June 9, 2025. The finding was later confirmed June 13.

Officials tracked down the originating farm through the DairyTrace traceability program. The CFIA says the herd has been quarantined, pending further testing and depopulation.

“The timing of testing will be determined after discussions with the producer to manage the operational impact of the process,” the agency said.

“The CFIA is continuing to work closely with producers, industry associations, and provincial and federal agricultural and health authorities throughout the investigation.”

The investigation is still in its early days, the CFIA said.

Canada’s bovine TB record

Until this point, the only bovine tuberculosis cases confirmed in Canada since 2018 have originated in Saskatchewan. In February 2023, U.S. officials found the disease in a heifer that had come from Canada. After tracking that animal back to its originating farm, 32 animals in the herd were also found infected. Traceability did not find infection in any potential contact herds

Another case was confirmed in November 2024. Samples from a six-year-old cow, collected at an an abattoir in Alberta came back positive for infection. That cow was tracked back to a farm in Saskatchewan and the birth herd was quarantined. As of June 5, the CFIA had found 25 cases in the one infected herd, which has been depopulated.

Traceability efforts flagged 39 potentially linked herds, 12 of which have been released from quarantine.

In May, Saskatchewan beef producers took the government to task on bovine tuberculosis. They argued that farmers of infected farms should get better compensation, wildlife testing should be bolstered and that more work should be done on vaccines.

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In a notice to industry Feb. 25, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency said they have found three more cases while testing the birth herd of an animal confirmed positive for bovine TB late last year.

The herd in question will be euthanized, the producer compensated as per CFIA regulations and tests will be done on all animals over a year old to determine how significantly infection had spread in the herd, the agency said.

Where were the cases found?

On Nov. 29, 2024, the CFIA confirmed bovine tuberculosis in samples from a six-year-old cow after the animal had been sent for slaughter in Alberta. The animal had been raised in Saskatchewan, the agency said. The birth herd was put in quarantine as tests were done and contact tracing began for other possibly exposed herds.

It was Saskatchewan’s second brush with bovine TB in recent years. In February 2023, Canadian officials got word from the United States Department of Agriculture that tests from an animal shipped from Saskatchewan the previous fall had come back positive. In June 2023, the CFIA confirmed two further cases in the Saskatchewan herd where the flagged animal had originated.

More herds to be tested

All of the three recently identified cases were born outside of their current herd, the agency said. The investigation and “applicable movement controls” has expanded to include the originating herds of those animals.

Any herds that have been in contact with the infected herd are up for testing, the CFIA said. Contact tracing will also cover any animals that left the herd in the last five years, as well as any herds that provided animals to the farm in the last five years. Testing will be done as needed.

The strain of bovine TB has also garnered attention. Lab testing of the case found in November 2024 “found a strain that has never been identified in animals or humans in Canada, and the origin of the strain is unknown. It is not closely related to any of the recent strains in Western Canada,” the Feb. 25 notice read.

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On Sept. 17, Bayer announced that its Buteo start seed treatment has been registered for mustard in Western Canada.

“The damage caused by flea beetles at the start of the season impacts crop development long-term and can lead to significant yield loss,” Bryan Bryson, Bayer marketing portfolio lead for traits and licensing, said in a release.

The Group 4D, flupyradifurone-based product reached the Canadian market in 2020. Its label now covers early season control of flea beetles in canola, as well as soybean aphid and bean leaf beetle in soybeans, although promotional materials from the company heavily market the insecticide for its canola applications.

The company pitches the product for control of striped and crucifer flea beetles. Fact sheets published by the company cite canola trials done in 2019 in flea beetle-infested areas. Those trials found that a combination of Buteo start and the seed treatment ProsperEverGol (which is also registered for mustard), showed significantly less leaf damage from three to 17 days post-emergence, quicker crop progression and a thicker stand.

The insecticide “delivers rapid uptake and systemic translocation from cotyledon to leaf margins, enabling a quicker-growing canopy and uniform flowering, even in dry conditions where flea beetles thrive,” the Sept. 17 release said.

Mustard growers face many of the same agronomic challenges as canola growers do, the company noted, and that includes flea beetles.

The insects have been a perennial problem for canola growers. Several years of difficult spring conditions led to stalled stands while plants were vulnerable. Significant and sometimes repeated applications of foliar spray were needed once seed treatments wore off.

According to the Canola Council of Canada, heavy flea beetle infestation can cause a 10 per cent yield reduction even when insecticides are applied.

“A yield reduction of one per cent per acre results in a total crop loss of about 25 million to 35 million dollars,” the council’s website states. “Annual crop losses in North America from flea beetles potentially exceed 300 million dollars.”

According to the manual put out by the Saskatchewan Mustard Development Commission, “damage is most severe when the beetles attack the growing point of the plant. In cool moist conditions, scouting should include observing the underside of cotyledons for pitting and the stem for notching or girdling. Feeding on pods can result in premature shattering and grade loss.”

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On Aug. 30, the government announced a formal request for proposals from interested providers.

“The successful bidder(s) would provide concentrated FMD (foot and mouth disease) vaccines that could be rapidly transformed into usable vaccines,” the agency said in a release.

Livestock producers were promised a vaccine bank in the 2023 federal budget. It had been a long-time ask from industry, which was wary of Canada’s reliance on U.S. vaccine sources in the case of a outbreak occur on the continent.

The budget laid out $57.5 million over five years for the establishment of the resource and to develop foot and mouth disease response plans. The government has also said they would provide an ongoing $5.6 million for the project.

“It’s vitally important that we continue to take steps to protect livestock, and the livelihood of our hardworking farmers, against the threat of animal disease,” Agriculture minister Lawrence MacAulay said in the August release.

“By creating a dedicated foot and mouth disease vaccine bank, we’re working to reduce the spread of the disease and the impact that a potential outbreak would have on market access for Canadian producers.”

The Canadian Cattle Association welcomed the Aug. 30 announcement.

“We hope to never need to use it, but having a vaccine bank in place is critical to protect Canada’s beef producers,” president Nathan Finney said. “If FMD occurred in Canada, having a vaccine would minimize spread and expedite a return to normal trade. Today’s news is positive on the progress on preparedness and is the first step of many to follow.”

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In a release Aug. 20, Fertilizer Canada called for federal intervention on the potential work stoppage on Canada’s two major railways. The industry group would like to see binding arbitration that would stop both strike action on the part of the union and lockout action on the part from the railways from going forward.

“We can no longer patiently wait for a resolution,” Fertilizer Canada CEO Karen Proud said. “The federal government must protect Canada’s economy and food security by ordering binding arbitration.”

The labour dispute between the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference union and both Canadian Pacific Kansas City and the Canadian National Railway threatens to explode this week. Both railways have issued lockout notices starting Aug. 22. On Aug. 18, the teamsters union issued its strike notice to CPKC, also starting Aug. 22.

“Each and all of the TCRC’s demands remain outstanding at this point in time,” the union said in an online statement published Aug. 18.

Fertilizer Canada estimates that a work stoppage would cost their sector $55-63 million in lost sales a day, “not including logistical and operational costs.”

“In the last seven years, Canadian supply chain labour disruptions have cost the fertilizer industry nearly a billion dollars,” Proud said. “These stoppages are doing immense damage to our reputation as a reliable trading partner. Our customers, who rely on Canadian fertilizer products, are being forced to turn to our competitors in Russia, Belarus, and China. We can’t afford for our railways to shut down, and we can’t afford a passive approach to our supply chains any longer. We need long-term solutions.”

The impact has already been felt, the industry group said. Last week, railways announced that shipment of certain more volatile materials, which included some ammonia products, were being curtailed in anticipation of a potential stoppage. Fertilizer Canada estimates that about 75 per cent of fertilizer in Canada is transported via rail.

Numerous provincial and national farm organizations have called on their members and other members of the public to sign a letter to Canadian Labour and Seniors Minister Steven MacKinnon. The #StopTheStrike campaign also urges the government to invoke binding arbitration under section 107 of the Canadian Labour Code.

“This will provide needed certainty to Canadian farmers and shippers, and their customers around the world,” the letter reads, in part.

The three provincial organizations representing rural municipal governments in the Prairie provinces have launched similar concerns and calls for action.

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“We knew this from the start,” said Marcos Cordeiro, study lead and assistant professor of animal science at the University of Manitoba.

Previous research, such as a study based in Saskatchewan in 2003, had already flagged forage capability to draw off flood water, he noted.

“The goal for us was to extrapolate this over a large area.”

The study, which used hydrological modeling based on decades of data, looked to simulate how water and nutrient flows would change if cropland was converted into perennial forage on the Prairies.

Researchers wanted to see how flows behaved at the watershed level and whether there was variation when results were drawn over a longer period.

Most studies last only a few years, and results can be skewed depending on weather in that limited time. By using a modeling framework, Cordeiro said, “we can capture those wet and dry cycles and you can see how consistent the results are.”

The last part of the project, on nutrient flow, is still in the works.

“We need to get a handle on the hydrology first, because when the water moves, everything changes,” Cordeiro said.

Why it matters: Forage and grasslands have diminished on the Prairies as that land is converted to annual crops.

Although University of Manitoba staff took point on the project, it also included collaboration from the University of Saskatchewan and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and was funded through beef checkoff dollars.

Researchers focused on areas west of Winnipeg, within the La Salle River basin. A total 23 years’ worth of hourly weather and flow data was drawn from an Environment and Climate Change Canada monitoring site in the area.

Then, for each piece of land in the four sub-basins around that site, researchers gathered crop data via the Manitoba Agricultural Services Corporation.

The study then rolled that information together to tease out a hydrological model that considered the weather, crop growing traits at the time (plant height, water needs, etc.) and the impact of those crops on soil structure.

The tool could then be used to predict how streamflow would change if acres were shifted from grain crops to perennial forage.

Results

Farmers may not be shocked to learn that forage stands caught more snow than residue left from annual crops. However, those same forage stands also gave off less water come spring. Perennial forage saw an average 36 per cent less runoff compared to cropland, while overland flow across forage was 53 per cent lower.

That translated to a 30 per cent drop in peak daily discharges into the La Salle River compared to annual cropland.

Part of that, researchers suggested, was more capacity for early-season ground to infiltrate water. Undisturbed soil with deep forage roots had better soil structure, was more porous and therefore had a leg up when it came to infiltration, and the study found that frozen ground with perennial forage infiltrated almost 67 per cent more when snowmelt came. There was also more evaporation and transpiration.

The study estimated that perennial forage lands absorbed two-thirds more water than annual cropland. Daily soil moisture, on average, was 18 per cent higher, although some years showed forage stands with lower daily soil moisture, depending on that spring’s snowmelt.

“It was nice to be able to put numbers,” to forage traits that industry and academics already knew about generally, Cordeiro said.

“There’s a lot of talk about grasslands. We felt that this was [an] important result to be out there and we received good feedback about this.”

As far as nutrient flow, grazing and harvesting impacts did not make their way into the analysis, although researchers hypothesized that removing forage would mean less nutrients leaching from plants at the surface. Manure or bale grazing would move the needle the other way.

Regardless, less runoff would mean less nutrients in that water and more nutrients staying in the field where they can be a benefit, the study said.

Economics of forage

The research was highlighted in a recent blog post from the Beef Cattle Research Council.

Outside of flood mitigation, the council said, cattle have also been used as wildfire prevention in parts of B.C. Carbon sequestration and wildlife habitat in wetlands and grasslands also featured in the council’s pitch for forage acres.

Commodity values will largely determine whether producers opt to seed forages, the council acknowledged, “but food service and retailers’ perceptions and government policies … and regulations can also influence markets and cropping choices.

“Solid, science-based information like this is important to support Canada’s beef and forage sectors’ ongoing efforts to share the positive, factual messages about the environmental benefits of beef and forage production in Canada.”

Cordeiro also noted that economic stress that may lead producers to convert forage land.

“What we’re trying to do here with these types of studies is to do some valuation of the grasslands,” he said.

“I think this is something that’s missing. You have to find a way to valuate those landscapes and be able to show that value so that producers … have some incentives to keep those landscapes.”

Where it fits

The study is not the only effort to get a handle on Manitoba’s hydrology or the impact of land use changes.

To the west is the Manitoba Forage and Grassland Association’s Aquanty project, which created five interconnected models in the Assiniboine River Basin. Those models have been used to predict the impact of different flood mitigation measures or land changes.

In a study within the Oak River-Shoal Lake Watershed, the project looked at how forage, grassland and wetlands affected both flood and drought management from 2009-16.

The Aquanty project then set its sights on a real-time hydrological forecasting tool for farm use. It later expanded that tool to include the Pembina Valley Watershed, its first foray into the Red River Basin.

The Red River Basin Commission in 2021 also completed LiDAR ground mapping. That information feeds into hydrological modelling and the region’s flood planning.

Cordeiro acknowledged the growing wealth of water data. There are efforts to gather even more information from data sets on soil and land use, satellite data and weather, he noted.

The Aquanty project, based in the rolling terrain of western Manitoba, has a much different model, Cordeiro said, although there is some geographic overlap with his work.

The University of Manitoba researcher plans to have results from the Birdtails Watershed, which was also the subject of a micro-analysis under Aquanty, later this year.

“It’s interesting to see how the models complement each other,” Cordeiro said. “The idea is actually to see how these tools can give a different angle to the same problem. For sure, we can try to see how the results compare.

“But I believe, for the most part, we should see consistent results in terms of hydrology for those landscapes.”

– This article was originally published at the Manitoba Co-operator.

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In a joint statement June 13, Keystone Agricultural Producers, the Alberta Federation of Agriculture and the Agricultural Producers Association of Saskatchewan urged the Senate to pass Bill C-234 before the end of June, when it breaks for the summer.

Why it matters: June 30 is the last possible sitting day for the Senate, after which no business will clear the chamber until at least Sept. 18, when farmers are already looking at harvest.

Both KAP president Jill Verwey and AFA president Lynn Jacobson said the end goal is to have the bill given royal assent by the time farmers want to start drying grain this fall.

“We have strong support from a number of senators,” Verwey said. “We’ve been in contact, certainly. Our MPs that are in Ottawa are certainly having a lot of those conversations with individuals so that they understand the importance and the urgency of getting this passed.”

Verwey said the exemption is critical for farmers.

“Individuals [in the Senate] realize that farmers don’t have a choice and it is a fuel that is used to produce,” she said. “It’s also important even for the welfare of the animals. We’re north of the 49th parallel. We have to use fuel for heating of these barns… In a lot of cases, drying of grain is a normal practice for a number of farming operations.”

The bill passed its second reading in the Senate the same day that farm groups released their statement; it was sent to the standing Senate committee on agriculture and forestry, and for examination by the standing Senate committee on national finance.

It was initially introduced to the Senate on March 30, after spending just under two months in the House of Commons. A total 176 of 322 MPs voted in favour of the bill on its third reading March 29 in the lower house.

The bill must still clear the committee/report stage, as well as a third reading in the Senate, before being put forward for royal assent.

Both Verwey and Jacobson said they were “cautiously optimistic” that the bill will clear the Senate before the summer break. After the end of June, the Senate will not reconvene until September.

“I think they realize that it needs to be done,” Jacobson said, though he worries some other issue may divert the Senate’s attention in the meantime.

“That’s been one of the things in the past. Something else has come up to interfere with whatever you’re trying to do.”

Several senators, including Senator David Wells, who sponsored the bill in the upper house, pointed to the legislation’s multi-party support in the House of Commons.

“This bill is not about whether you like the carbon tax,” Wells said. “Although Conservatives are opposed to the carbon tax in principle, the NDP, Bloc Québécois and the Green Party fully support it. Yet all these parties voted in favour of this bill, along with a number of Liberal members including the chair of the House standing committee on agriculture and agri-food.”

Senators who spoke positively on the bill also acknowledged the lack of alternative fuel sources for grain drying and barn heating.

The exemption for propane and natural gas was characterized as a transition measure, allowing time for newer, green fuel sources to become feasible. The bill includes a sunset clause of eight years for this reason, Wells said. A review would then let the government decide if the exemption should be extended.

Some senators questioned the length of the sunset clause and asked whether having an exemption would be a disincentive for adopting new, greener technologies.

“One of the strategies around carbon pricing is to try to incentivize people to make other choices. It is clear that is a real challenge for farmers in this context, but removing this from the carbon pricing regime does kind of disincentivize that direction,” Saskatchewan-based Senator Brent Cotter said May 9.

“I haven’t really thought about the eight-year clause too much,” Jacobson said. “I guess my focus has just been to get it passed for now. Things are going to change in eight years,” particularly in terms of energy use and cost.

“Just working off past experience with agriculture, we’re always moving forward and looking for better alternatives,” he added.

“Adoption of technology that’s available and processes that are available, people are willing to move in that direction and try different things, as long they’re economical and they can see that there’s an economic benefit as you go forward.”

Verwey urged farmers to contact senators to reiterate the farm groups’ message.

— Alexis Stockford is associate editor of the Manitoba Co-operator.

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“I’m not getting the absolute demoralizing reports from beekeepers,” said Manitoba Beekeepers Association president Ian Steppler. “I think we still have a high winter loss, but not as severe as last year’s.”

Why it matters: The honey industry needs a break after navigating last year’s high losses and supply issues with replacement stock.

Manitoba saw the worst winter bee losses in the country last year. A survey from the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA) put 2022 mortality at 57.2 per cent, well above the national average of 45.5.

Canada’s beekeepers had a bad winter in general coming into 2022. That national average of 45.5 per cent was the worst reported between 2007-22, according to CAPA data. Average loss in that window was 27 per cent.

Provincial apiarist Derek Micholson expects Manitoba’s bee losses this year will be closer to the norm of 20 to 25 per cent.

“That’s a very good sign,” he said.

But while winter may have been friendlier, spring 2023 was not. Similar to last year, this spring was slow to get going. Cold weather clung to the province and temperatures didn’t warm past freezing in the entire month of March.

Smaller colonies do not have the “girth” to deal with that extended cold when they should be building themselves for the season, Steppler said. He expects spring losses to be much the same as last year.

However, Micholson noted that, although it was cold, the province did not see the relentless string of Colorado lows as it did in 2022. Spring dwindle might be slightly more than average, he said, but “I wouldn’t say it’s as extreme as last year. Things have been a lot drier.”

Pest issues

Steppler and Micholson both said pest pressure is a key underlying issue.

“The reason why the weather’s the issue is because the colonies are just dragged down because of disease,” Steppler said.

Early reports have noted high nosema fungal infections, an illness that impacts bees’ ability to absorb nutrients. Varroa mites, which weaken bees through parasitism and as a vector for infection, continue to be the sector’s bane.

Viruses brought in by mites come and go in waves, Steppler noted.

“I think we’re in a bad viral cycle right now.”

Varroa issues were also caused major losses in 2022, according to the national survey. The five provinces with the worst losses (Manitoba included) were also the five provinces to point a finger at ineffective mite control.

“Basically, in 2021 we had a really extended season, which allowed the mite to take a stronger hold on the colonies over the winter last year,” Micholson said.

Some beekeepers were too late in their monitoring and treatment going into winter, CAPA noted. It also cited burgeoning issues with Apivar, one of the industry’s most popular mite control products. Producers have raised concern that mites may be becoming resistant to the product.

That concern extends to Manitoba. Anecdotal evidence of control issues led the provincial beekeepers association to launch its own trials into the product’s efficacy. Those trials found some sites where Apivar still provided good control, but control slipped in others. Anecdotal reports continue to flow in.

It has led experts like Micholson to emphasize multi-pronged varroa control, as well as regular and meticulous monitoring.

Scaled-up tests on Apivar are in the works for 2023. The Manitoba Beekeepers’ Association Knowledge and Research Transfer Program will also run trials this year on novel varroa control.

Echoes of past seasons

Parts of the sector are still shaking off the impact of 2022, Micholson said. With losses so high, producers last year would have been looking for replacement stock.

Unfortunately, bees are in short supply. There is only so much imported stock to go around, and suppliers may be dealing with their own losses.

As a result, some producers split their hives, which reduces production as bees put more energy into building numbers than producing honey.

“They’re still kind of suffering those economic losses a bit and still trying to recoup their numbers,” Micholson said. “Hopefully those beekeepers who had high losses last year aren’t suffering high losses again this year.”

The apiary expert has also seen what he suspects is delayed impact from 2022’s stress. A number of producers who dodged loss issues last year are seeing higher mortality this spring.

Confirmed numbers on winter loss won’t be known until after Micholson’s annual producer survey goes out at the end of May.

– This article was originally published at the Manitoba Co-operator.

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The Weston Family Foundation — the philanthropic arm of the Weston business empire — has slated $10 million for those eight projects through the organization’s soil health initiative, it was announced Feb. 13.

The initiative is tagged under the foundation’s “environmental stewardship” stream — a category mandated towards biodiversity improvement, research and sustainable agriculture. Other projects in the stream have funded ecological renewal around the Great Lakes and promoted grasslands.

The new soil health initiative was launched in spring 2022. Successful projects would help spread practices like cover cropping, 4R nutrient management or diverse crop rotations to increase soil organic matter, according to the foundation’s website.

In total, 38 organizations made a bid for the funding, said Eliza Mitchell, chair of the foundation’s conservation committee. Of those, 16 were invited to make a full proposal, with the final lineup decided by a review panel.

“Several [reviewers] were active farmers, but they all had experience in soil health management, some were involved in conservation…and they were all in fair agreement of the outstanding eight,” Mitchell said.

Those standouts “had a really clear focus and a really clear way forward,” she said. “The projects that showed a defined and clear approach on how they would successfully help shift producers towards greater adoption were given more weight.”

The list of chosen projects includes digital soil mapping tools for better nitrogen management, a farmer-led peer network, a reverse auction model to incentivize small grain and cover crop acres, research into cover crop best practices, benchmarking soil in Ontario’s Greenbelt, soil health outreach, a registry to help underpin markets for ecosystem service credits and Indigenous-led education for managing First Nations farmland.

The project list spreads funds widely nationwide, although Mitchell said that was more happy accident than part of the selection criteria. First project assessments were largely blind in terms of location, she noted.

The final list also spans both industry and academic perspectives, she said, pointing to the split of producer groups and universities singled out for funding. Half of the awardees are post-secondary institutions.

“There’s a lot of complexity in soil health and in rebuilding healthy, fertile soil, so there’s lots of ways of going at it. But we wanted to find projects that would help promote beneficial management practices, not just to the individuals involved, but hopefully communicate it out into the wider farming community,” Mitchell said.

— Alexis Stockford reports for the Manitoba Co-operator from Brandon.

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